Spring of Nations

The Spring of Nations was a series of political upheavals throughout Europe and part of the Middle East in the mid-19th century.

Italian states
Although little noticed at the time, the first major outbreak came in Sicily, starting in January 1848.

German states
The March Revolution in the German states took place in the south and the west of Germany, with large popular assemblies and mass demonstrations.

Hapsburg Empire
The Summer Revolution was the longest of the Spring of Nations rebellions, lasting from July of 1848 to June of 1849.

Greater Poland
The Polish people mounted a military insurrection against the Prussians.

Netherlands
During April of 1848, a series of protests known as the Dutch Unrest took place in the Netherlands. The protests ended with the abolition of the Dutch monarchy, the creation of the Republic of Holland and the integration of the non-humans of Holland into their society.

Russia
The October Revolution was a liberal revolution which took place in Russia October of 1848. The revolution ended with the establishment of Russia as a constitutional monarchy, with the Czar holding less political power.